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Home/Guides & Tips/Testosterone/

Testosterone and muscle growth

TRT

Does testosterone make you stronger?

Here’s what to know about testosterone and muscle growth.

clinician image

Medically reviewed by Medical Director

Dr. Jeff Foster - Men’s Health & TRT Specialist

iconUpdated 26th December 2025

Testosterone keeps you energised, supports your sex drive, and more. It also helps you build muscle, which can make you stronger.

Key Takeaways

  • Testosterone plays a key role in building muscle
  • But at natural levels, it won’t drive results alone
  • Eating enough protein and regular strength training are essential when building muscle

How does testosterone build muscle?

There are a few ways that testosterone helps build muscle.

For one, it stimulates protein synthesis. Proteins are the building blocks of your muscles: they’re the driving force behind muscle growth and repair. Testosterone also inhibits the breakdown of proteins. These combined effects make your muscles grow bigger.

T also encourages stem cells to become muscle rather than fat cells.

Yet often, T isn’t the limiting factor when trying to bulk up. Not training enough, not eating a nutritious diet, lack of sleep, alcohol, and stress all work against muscle growth.

Can you build muscle with low testosterone?

It’s harder to build muscle with low T. Testosterone deficiency is associated with muscle loss and frailty in older men.

Though with the right habits in place—a good diet, hitting the gym regularly—it’s possible. However, you would have better results if your T was within the normal range.

Struggling to build muscle, despite a healthy lifestyle? If you’ve got other symptoms of low testosterone like decreased energy and libido, you might have low T. Check your T levels with our at-home testosterone blood test.

Feeling drained and unfocused?
It might be low testosterone. Get answers fast with an at-home blood test.

TRT and muscle: What men can expect?

What if you use testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) to top up your T levels? There’s good evidence that this can help increase muscle and lower fat mass. By the way, both younger and older men are just as responsive to TRT’s effects.

For best results, do regular strength training while taking TRT. You should notice changes within a few months.

TRT vs anabolic steroids

It’s true that the higher your T, the more muscle gains you’re likely to make.

But taking very high doses of T comes with serious risks, like dependence and heart problems. With anabolic steroids, the dose of T is up to 4-5x higher than what your body naturally makes. Bottom line: the risks of taking anabolic steroids definitely outweigh the benefits.

What gains can I expect on TRT?

The lower your testosterone is before starting TRT, the more likely you are to experience significant muscle growth. That’s because your low starting levels probably have a greater impact on your poor muscle gains to date.

Does taking higher doses of TRT drive more gains? It might, but you’d typically need to take very high doses (i.e. anabolic steroids) to see a dramatic effect. Again: anabolic steroids come with serious health risks.

Having a healthy lifestyle will also enhance your results on TRT.

Do testosterone boosters work for muscle gain?

What about “testosterone boosters”? These are supplements that claim to “boost T” and help you “feel stronger”.

One study looked at 50 of these supplements. Just 24.8% of them had data showing an increase in T when taken. Fenugreek, ashwagandha and vitamin D have all boosted T in scientific studies.

But watch out: these products aren’t harmless. Some have been linked to side effects like risks to liver health. Always check with your provider before starting any “T boosting” products.

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Testosterone for muscle growth

Testosterone is super important for muscle building. But at natural levels, it won’t drive results alone.

Eating enough protein is critical. Aim for at least 1.6g/kg of body weight per day. You also need to lift weights regularly—try to get a minimum of 2 sessions per week. Keeping stress under control, sleeping well and drinking less alcohol will also help.

Your T levels

For men with low testosterone, the pros of TRT are clear: it can get your T back within the normal range. This can ease symptoms like low energy and libido—and help you get back on the gain train. Get started on TRT by taking our quiz.

FAQ

FAQs about testosterone and muscle growth

Continue reading

  • Male menopause (andropause)
  • Testosterone gel for men
  • Nebido injection
  • Enclomiphene citrate
  • How and where to inject testosterone
  • Subcutaneous testosterone injections
  • TRT side effects
  • Is TRT safe?
  • Once you start testosterone therapy, can you stop?
  • High testosterone in men
  • Oestradiol levels in men
  • Does testosterone make you lose weight?
  • Does masturbation decrease testosterone?
  • Does nicotine increase testosterone?
  • TRT cost in the UK
  • How to get TRT in the UK
  • Men’s health stigma around low testosterone
DisclaimerAt Voy, we ensure that everything you read in our blog is medically reviewed and approved. However, the information provided is not meant to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It should not be relied upon for specific medical advice.
References
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Bhasin, Shalender, et al. “The Effect of Supraphysiologic Doses of Testosterone on Muscle Size and Strength in Normal Men,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 335, no. 1 1996:335;1-7 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199607043350101.

icon²

Clemesha, Chase G., et al. “‘Testosterone Boosting’ Supplements Composition and Claims are not Supported by the Academic Literature,” The World Journal of Men’s Health, vol. 38, issue 1, 2019:115-122 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6920068/.

icon³

Engelhardt, Paul F., and Riedl, Claus R., “Effects of One-year Treatment with Isoflavone Extract from Red Clover on Prostate, Liver Function, Sexual Function, and Quality of Life in Men with Elevated PSA Levels and Negative Prostate Biopsy Findings,” Ambulatory and Office Urology, vol. 71, issue 2, 2008:185-190 https://www.goldjournal.net/article/S0090-4295(07)02301-1/abstract.

icon⁴

Falqueto, Hugo, et al. “Can Conditions of Skeletal Muscle Loss be Improved by Combining Exercise with Anabolic-androgenic Steroids? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Testosterone-based Interventions,” Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, vol. 22, 2021:161-178 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11154-021-09634-4.

icon⁵

Fink, Julius, et al. “The Role of Hormones in Muscle Hypertrophy,” The Physician and Sportsmedicine, vol. 46, issue 1, 2018:129-134 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/00913847.2018.1406778.

icon⁶

Griggs, R C., et al. “Effect of Testosterone on Muscle Mass and Muscle Protein Synthesis,” Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 66, issue 1, 1989:498-503 https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.1.498.

icon⁷

Grossmann, Mathis. “Testosterone and Glucose Metabolism in Men: Current Concepts and Controversies," Journal of Endocrinology, vol. 220, issue 3, 2014:37-55 https://joe.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/joe/220/3/R37.xml.

icon⁸

Hyde, Zoë, et al. “Low Free Testosterone Predicts Frailty in Older Men: the Health in Men Study,” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 95, issue 7, 2010:3165-3172 https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-abstract/95/7/3165/2596242?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=true.

icon⁹

“Anabolic steroid misuse,” NHS, 2022 https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/. Accessed 3 Nov. 2025.

icon¹⁰

Nunes, Everson A., et al. “Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Protein Intake to Support Muscle Mass and Function in Healthy Adults,” Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, vol 20, issue 2, 2022:795-810. http://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8978023/.

icon¹¹

Pilz, S., et al. “Effect of vitamin D Supplementation on Testosterone Levels in Men,” Hormone and Metabolic Research, vol. 43, issue 3, 2011:223-225 https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0030-1269854.

icon¹²

Reggiani, Carlo, and Schiaffino, Stefano. “Muscle Hypertrophy and Muscle Strength: Dependent or Independent Variables? A provocative review,” European Journal of Translational Myology, vol. 30, issue 3, 2020:9311 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7582410/.

icon¹³

Shin, Myung Jun, et al. “Testosterone and Sarcopenia,” The World Journal of Men’s Health, vol. 36, issue 3, 2018:192-198 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6119844/.

icon¹⁴

Smith, Stephen J., et al. “Examining the Effects of Herbs on Testosterone Concentrations in Men: A Systematic Review,” Advances in Nutrition, vol. 12, issue 3, 2021:744-765 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831322001028.

icon¹⁵

Vingren, Jakob L., et al. “Testosterone Physiology in Resistance Exercise and Training,” Sports Medicine, vol. 40, 2010:1037-1053 https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/11536910-000000000-00000.

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